Category Archives: #screenwriting

10 tips to help write a prize-winning short story.

10 tips which helped me win  the Writers’ Forum Short Fiction Prize with my short story Man or Mouse.

These are not my own ‘rules’ but snippets of advice I’d gleaned from various books and podcasts on writing.

1. Cut the first page. It’s set-up. (Chekhov advises to cut the first three pages!) Cut to the chase. Get straight to the story.

2. Be strict with POV (point of view).

3. Start your story immediately after a dramatic event.

4. Like Ouroboros your story should also have its tail in its mouth – connect the ending to the beginning.

5. Know your ending.

6. Set up ‘plot points’ – clues in the text that point to the reveal – so when you smack the reader in the face with your twist all of your foreshadowing clues will burst into light.

7. Cut ALL adjectives and adverbs until your story is ‘bare bones’. Re-add sparsely and with great care.

8. Rewrite 6 times: for light, sound, touch, taste, smell and sight.

9. Be spare with metaphor.

10. Avoid cliches. Be original. Hold every word up to the light.

Sue Moorcroft, head judge of Writers’ Forum, gives her own advice here.

DEXTER part 8c: Dialogue – Debra Morgan

I’m going to choose one line of dialogue from each character which, for me, defines the person.

Debra first.

For me, a character-defining line of dialogue comes when she’s meeting Sal Price, the True Crime writer investigating Hannah McKay, at a restaurant. Although their relationship is professional, and they’re working  a case, this is a date, so Sal throws a perfectly normal ‘date’ question at Deb, who responds with a perfectly abnormal answer.

SAL
What kind of music do you like?

DEB
A jail house door slamming shut, that’s my idea of music.

Brilliant!

What does this tell us about Deb?

That she’s obsessed with her work – she is ALWAYS thinking about catching bad guys and locking them up! And because she’s obsessed with her job we might also say that she’s fiercely ambitious. What else does this line of dialogue say about her? It’s a cool answer, right? It’s a unique, acerbic sense of humor, but still funny.

So, we could say this line of dialogue defines three of Deb’s character traits: she’s work-obsessed, ambitious, and funny.

Do you agree ?

What about your characters? What one-liners define their personality?

Can you think of any more character-defining dialogue from other movie /TV  characters?

127 Hours: what are your characters saying ?

SPOILER ALERT – watch the movie before reading this post.

What most impresses me about 127 Hours is, although it’s an intensely visual film, the dialogue is deep with subtext. Take the Friday 13th joke in the opening sequence. Aron is out exploring on the Grand Canyon, and sees two girls, obviously lost. He bounds down the canyon and offers his assistance. We know he’s charming and likeable, but his face is covered by a dust mask, and he’s wearing a cap and shades. He looks scary – like Jason.

“Sorry about the Friday 13th thing,” he wisecracks.

Joke, right? Throw-away line, simple. Actually it’s very cleverly foreshadowing the fact that this family wilderness drama is going to suddenly twist genre in the final act to a gruesome slasher movie as Aron slashes off his own arm to free himself from the rock. It’s horrific to watch, terrifying and extremely bloody. The pain is excruciating. In this throw-away ‘joke’ the film makers are actually apologizing to us, the viewer, for the excruciating horror they’re about to endure.

Genius!

Also, look at the line when Aron makes a joke about the insects crawling beneath him waiting for him to defecate. Although a simple joke, coupled together with the bird circling above, which feeds on insects, this seemingly irrelevant line is pointing to the film’s theme – that all living creatures are interdependent, that our world is interdependent, that no man is an island – that we, as people, as human beings, depend on each other.

This is the lesson Aron must learn, in Truby terms the ‘moral and psychological revelation’ he must have in order to change and become a better human being. This is his character arc: if Aron hadn’t been so selfish, if he’d have answered his mom’s calls, and told her where he was going, he wouldn’t be in this nightmare. He wouldn’t be suffering alone between a rock and a hard place.

Aron goes through an intense furnace of change – a terrifying, horrific experience.

It’s his –  and therefore our – Friday the 13th.

How about your script? Have you foreshadowed the climax with a seemingly throw-away line?

What are your characters saying?

I’ve written a more extensive post here. Also, check out the article on symbolism & motifs.

Wisdom from Truby: The Single Grand Symbol

“In For Whom the Bell Tolls, the single image of the tolling bell signifies death. But the phrase ‘for whom the bell tolls’ refers to another line that is the real key to the designing principle of the story and the theme that comes out of it. That line, from John Donne’s Devotions Upon Emergent Occasions, is:

‘No man is an island entire of itself…Any man’s death diminishes me, because I am involved in Mankind. And therefore never send to know for whom the bell tolls. It tolls for thee.’

The symbol of man, not as an island but as an individual in a community, organizes this story under one image, and it implies the probable theme line: in the face of death, the only thing that gives life meaning is sacrificing for the individuals you love.”

– John Truby, Anatomy of Story, p111.

Screenwriters need to protect their precious screenwriting time…

As you travel along on your screenwriting journey, you’ll discover that time bends and burns quickly in Hollywood. The best discipline you can master early on is being mindful of time and your writing schedule. It can be your friend and many times your enemy—it all depends on how you use those precious hours, days and weeks. As screenwriters we must regard our writing time as precious and do everything in our power to protect our working time from the forces of interruption and procrastination. I know many non-writers who do not regard writing as real work and believe it’s just playtime because it’s creative. As we know—it’s work and hard to do well.

An ex-girlfriend used to tell me that I could “always write on the weekends” as if writing was not part of my daily routine or schedule.  If I have a writing deadline and friends invite me out and I turn them down, they always think I’m making up excuses when in reality—I’m actually working.  I recall once that I had to work for twenty-four hours straight to complete 26 pages to finish a script as the producer notified me the investors were in town and wanted to see a draft the following day.  I carved out my writing time and protected every moment by not answering the phone or spending time on the internet.  I focused, sacrificed and completed the assignment as asked.

As a screenwriter, you must consider writing a job and this helps you to think of yourself as a professional. This is true even if you’re working on a spec.  It’s good practice and prepares you for the time when you do get paid to write and the producer requires you to complete the script on a deadline. You’ll already have this priceless experience if you stick to your own schedule by protecting your writing time from interruption and distraction.

When I’m working on a screenplay assignment, it is a job and I try to write six to eight hours a day—every day.  That’s the type of schedule it takes to complete a script by a set deadline and dabbling a few hours here and there will not do it.  Screenwriting is all about routines and schedules and when the writing gets difficult, I know writers are easily distracted.  I’ll admit it happens to me often.  This is dangerous because when distracted, writers tend to procrastinate and ultimately stop writing.  This is the time when others chip away at our precious writing time and can lead us astray.  We actually do want to go out and have a good time, it’s just we have work to do. It’s simple—pages do not appear by magic, but from writing.

Choosing the right place to write will also help you to protect your precious writing time.  If you’re constantly interrupted as you write at home, consider working at the library, a coffee shop or even renting a small space to write.  As renting an office can become pricy, many paid work-spaces have sprung up where you can buy membership access to a quiet working environment.

When a producer hired me last year to write a screenplay, he bought me a month membership to a writer’s workspace appropriately called The Office in Santa Monica, California. I was extremely productive every day as a result.  The Office specifically caters to screenwriters who take their writing time very seriously.  They even enforce a no cell phone or talking policy for all members.  It’s a terrific spot for hard-core writers who take their craft seriously. If you’re there—you are there to write. As a result, I completed the script in four weeks because I was able to work uninterrupted.

The longer you write the more you’ll get to know about yourself as a writer. You’ll discover your strengths and weaknesses, if you can write fast or slow, and if you’re easily distracted or if you can work in a crowded coffee shop. When the writing gets difficult, and it will, time becomes your enemy as you never know each day if your creative juices will flow or dry up.

Do yourself a favor and always protect your precious writing time from the forces of interruption.  You’ll keep on a schedule, your writing will become a habit, and you will be more productive than ever before.

“Work every day.  No matter what has happened the day or night before, get up and bite on the nail.” – Ernest Hemingway

When I’m writing, it’s all the playground, and the worst three hours I ever spent there were still pretty damn good.” The work starts by finding a door… you are willing to shut, avoiding distractions such as telephones and video games. Put your desk in the corner, and every time you sit down there to write remind yourself why it isn’t in the middle of the room. Life isn’t a support-system for art. It’s the other way around.”—Stephen King, On Writing 

“The time we have alone; the time we have in walking; the time we have in riding a bicycle; are the most important times for a writer. Escaping from a typewriter is part of the creative process. You have to give your subconscious time to think. Real thinking always occurs on the subconscious level.”—Ray Bradbury

“One of the things that young writers falsely hope exists is inspiration. A lot of young writers fail because they aren’t putting in the hours. I had a great, great editor, Hiram Haydn, who had many children and was a novelist. Toward the last years of his career, the only time he could write was Sunday morning. He would write four hours every Sunday morning. And he would get books done. It would take him years, but I think it’s crucial that we have some kind of rhythm. Whether you can write all day every day, or whether you can write four hours on Sundays, whatever it is, you have to protect that time.”—William Goldman

“You must have a room, or a certain hour or so a day, where you don’t know what was in the newspapers that morning, you don’t know who your friends are, you don’t know what you owe anybody, you don’t know what anybody owes to you. This is a place where you can simply experience and bring forth what you are and what you might be. This is the place of creative incubation. At first you may find that nothing happens there. But if you have a sacred place and use it, something eventually will happen.”—Joseph Campbell

The Black Comedy System

This is how the black comedy works:

  • Many characters exist in an organization. Someone explains the rules and logic by which the system operates in great detail.
  • Many of these characters, including the hero, go after a negative goal that involves killing someone or destroying something.
  • Each believes strongly in the goal and thinks what he is doing makes complete sense. In fact, it is totally illogical.

This is a short extract from the section on Black Comedy from John Truby’s brilliant book – Anatomy of Story  (p135)

“You’re a funny guy!”